简介
Kubernetes events
彻底搞懂 Kubernetes 中的 Events 可以看一些细节。
是什么
Understanding Kubernetes cluster eventsKubernetes events are objects that show you what is happening inside a cluster, such as what decisions were made by the scheduler or why some pods were evicted from the node. All core components and extensions (operators) may create events through the API Server.
Developers, application and infrastructure operators can use the kubectl describe command against specific resources, or use the more generic kubectl get event command to list events for a specific resource, or for the entire cluster.
How to Export Kubernetes Events for Observability and AlertingEvents events 在 k8s.io/api/core/v1/types.go 中进行定义，比较重要的几个字段
- Message: A human-readable description of the status of this operation
- Involved Object: The object that this event is about, like Pod, Deployment, Node, etc.
- Reason: Short, machine-understandable string, in other words: Enum
- Source: The component reporting this event, short machine-understandable string. i.e kube-scheduler
- Type: K8s 中 events 目前只有两种类型：“Normal” 和 “Warning”
- Count: The number of times the event has occurred
从哪里来
k8s 多个组件均会产生 event， 下文以Kubelet 为例
- kubelet 日常向打日志一样 记录event，比如
kl.recorder.Eventf(pod, v1.EventTypeWarning, events.FailedToKillPod, "error killing pod: %v", err)，干活的主角是 EventRecorder（实现类recorderImpl） - Kubelet 在启动的时候会初始化一个 EventBroadcaster（连带初始化Broadcaster），新建EventRecorder，并将已经初始化的 Broadcaster 对象作为参数传给了 EventRecorder。
- 直接或间接使用
EventBroadcaster.StartEventWatcher为Broadcaster 注册一个 watcher/eventhandler（也就是一个函数），eventhandler 定义了处理event 的方法，比如写到apiserver 或写到日志上 -
EventBroadcaster 和 EventRecorder 的中介是Broadcaster
- EventRecorder 提供event 入口，传递event到 Broadcaster。就像log4j日志中的logger 对象一样只负责将log 写入到缓冲区。
- Broadcaster 的作用就是接收所有的 events 并广播到 注册的watcher
- golang 里喜欢 拿channel 当队列使用
到哪里去/events 妙用
Events 量非常大，只能存在一个很短的时间，很有必要将它们export 出来持久化（尤其是到时序数据库内） 以便异常状态下的分析，以及日常监控。
工作日开工后飙升的 Schedule 和 pod create event。
- Kubernetes中关于Node的事件不多，对于节点上更多偏向底层的状态（如内核死锁、容器运行时无响应等）并不能通过事件的方式通知出来。Node Problem Detector作为一个很好的补充，它可以将node上更细节的事件以NodeCondition和Event方式上报给Kubernetes。
- 作者把基于Loki的Kubernetes事件分析面板贡献在了Grafana Lab上面，我们可以访问如下网站下载Dashboard。https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/14003
可视化 Kubernetes 历史记录Sloop 可以监控 Kubernetes event ，记录事件和资源状态变化的历史，并提供可视化来帮助调试过去的事件。主要特点：
- 允许查找和检查不再存在的资源（例如：发现之前部署中的 pod ）。
- 提供时间线显示，显示deployment 、ReplicaSet 和 StatefulSet 更新中相关资源的退出。
- 帮助调试瞬态和间歇性错误。
- 可以查看 Kubernetes 应用程序中随时间的变化。
- 是一个独立的服务，不依赖于分布式存储。
获取event 数据
因为Event 一般会暂存在 apiserver，因此想要获取到 k8s 的event 数据，有多种方式
- 通过client-go 的informer 机制监听 event 数据，opsgenie/kubernetes-event-exporter 即使用该方式
- 直接使用kubeClient api
kubeClient.CoreV1().Events，AliyunContainerService/kube-eventer 即使用该方式
kube-eventer
https://github.com/AliyunContainerService/kube-eventer
源码包
kube-eventer
core
types.go
sources
kubernetes
factory.go
sinks
dingtalk
influxdb
factory.go
manager.go
eventer.go // main入口
核心概念
概念上主要包括 事件源、事件和时间存储
// kube-eventer/core/types.go
type EventBatch struct {
// When this batch was created.
Timestamp time.Time
// List of events included in the batch.
Events []*kube_api.Event
}
// A place from where the events should be scraped.
type EventSource interface {
// This is a mutable method. Each call to this method clears the internal buffer so that
// each event can be obtained only once.
GetNewEvents() *EventBatch
}
type EventSink interface {
Name() string
// Exports data to the external storage. The function should be synchronous/blocking and finish only
// after the given EventBatch was written. This will allow sink manager to push data only to these
// sinks that finished writing the previous data.
ExportEvents(*EventBatch)
// Stops the sink at earliest convenience.
Stop()
}
event 读写
启动
// kube-eventer/eventer.go
func main() {
quitChannel := make(chan struct{}, 0)
// sources
sourceFactory := sources.NewSourceFactory()
sources, err := sourceFactory.BuildAll(argSources)
// sinks
sinksFactory := sinks.NewSinkFactory()
sinkList := sinksFactory.BuildAll(argSinks)
sinkManager, err := sinks.NewEventSinkManager(sinkList, sinks.DefaultSinkExportEventsTimeout, sinks.DefaultSinkStopTimeout)
// main manager
manager, err := manager.NewManager(sources[0], sinkManager, *argFrequency)
manager.Start()
go startHTTPServer()
<-quitChannel
}
SourceFactory.BuildAll ==> SourceFactory.Build ==> NewKubernetesSource ==> KubernetesEventSource.watch作为生产者 通过apiServer 的event api 往KubernetesEventSource.localEventsBuffer 塞event
func NewKubernetesSource(uri *url.URL) (*KubernetesEventSource, error) {
kubeConfig, err := kubeconfig.GetKubeClientConfig(uri)
kubeClient, err := kubeclient.NewForConfig(kubeConfig)
eventClient := kubeClient.CoreV1().Events(kubeapi.NamespaceAll)
result := KubernetesEventSource{
localEventsBuffer: make(chan *kubeapi.Event, LocalEventsBufferSize),
stopChannel: make(chan struct{}),
eventClient: eventClient,
}
go result.watch()
return &result, nil
}
func (this *KubernetesEventSource) watch() {
// Outer loop, for reconnections.
for {
events, err := this.eventClient.List(metav1.ListOptions{})
// Do not write old events.
resourceVersion := events.ResourceVersion
watcher, err := this.eventClient.Watch(
metav1.ListOptions{
Watch: true,
ResourceVersion: resourceVersion})
watchChannel := watcher.ResultChan()
// Inner loop, for update processing.
inner_loop:
for {
select {
case watchUpdate, ok := <-watchChannel:
if event, ok := watchUpdate.Object.(*kubeapi.Event); ok {
...
this.localEventsBuffer <- event:
...
}
case <-this.stopChannel:
klog.Infof("Event watching stopped")
return
}
}
}
}
realManager.Start ==> realManager.Housekeep ==> realManager.housekeep ==> KubernetesEventSource.GetNewEvents 作为消费者 从KubernetesEventSource.localEventsBuffer 取出event，触发EventSink.ExportEvents 来执行。
func (this *KubernetesEventSource) GetNewEvents() *core.EventBatch {
startTime := time.Now()
defer func() {
lastEventTimestamp.Set(float64(time.Now().Unix()))
scrapEventsDuration.Observe(float64(time.Since(startTime)) / float64(time.Millisecond))
}()
result := core.EventBatch{
Timestamp: time.Now(),
Events: []*kubeapi.Event{},
}
// Get all data from the buffer.
event_loop:
for {
select {
case event := <-this.localEventsBuffer:
result.Events = append(result.Events, event)
default:
break event_loop
}
}
totalEventsNum.Add(float64(len(result.Events)))
return &result
}
kubernetes-event-exporter
主要是 EventWatcher 和 Engine 两个角色的交互，watcher 拿到事件 通过Engine 传递给Sink 消费。
构造watcher时，初始化了 k8s apiclient ，进而构造了event Informer. watcher 本身实现了 ResourceEventHandler（onAdd/onUpdate/onDelete）
func NewEventWatcher(config *rest.Config, fn EventHandler) *EventWatcher {
clientset := kubernetes.NewForConfigOrDie(config)
factory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactory(clientset, 0)
informer := factory.Core().V1().Events().Informer()
watcher := &EventWatcher{
informer: informer,
stopper: make(chan struct{}),
labelCache: NewLabelCache(config),
annotationCache: NewAnnotationCache(config),
fn: fn,
}
informer.AddEventHandler(watcher)
return watcher
}
其它
